Papers with Question Generation
Diverse Content Selection for Educational Question Generation (2023.eacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Current automatic Question Generation (QG) systems do not consider content selection as an educational aspect. |
| Approach: | They propose to select content based on relevance and topic diversity for question generation on educational document level. |
| Outcome: | The proposed solution reduces the time and effort required to create questions for students on educational datasets. |
Learning to Ask More: Semi-Autoregressive Sequential Question Generation under Dual-Graph Interaction (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to Question Generation (QG) only capture limited context dependencies due to information omission and coreference between questions. |
| Approach: | They propose to generate questions in a semi-autoregressive way to produce interconnected questions when there is a sequence of answers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model significantly outperforms previous models on a dataset containing 81.9K questions. |
Let Me Know What to Ask: Interrogative-Word-Aware Question Generation (D19-58)
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| Challenge: | Existing models focus on generating questions based on text and the answer to the generated question. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipelined system that predicts the type of interrogative word to be generated . they also propose qg models that can be used to generate questions based on text . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system improves on the task of QG in SQuAD, improving from 46.58 to 47.69 in BLEU-1, 17.55 to 18.53 in blu-4, 21.24 to 22.33 in METEOR, and 44.53 to 46.94 in ROUGE-L. |
Meta-XNLG: A Meta-Learning Approach Based on Language Clustering for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Generation (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to learn shareable structures from low-resource languages are limited in the zero-shot setting. |
| Approach: | They propose a meta-learning framework to learn shareable structures from typologically diverse languages based on meta- learning and language clustering. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is able to learn shareable structures from typologically diverse languages with limited annotated data. |
QRelScore: Better Evaluating Generated Questions with Deeper Understanding of Context-aware Relevance (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing metrics for assessing question generation fail to take into account the input context of generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a context-aware Relevance evaluation metric for Question Generation that takes into account the context of question generation into account. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric achieves higher correlation with human judgments while being much more robust to adversarial samples. |
Augmenting Compliance-Guaranteed Customer Service Chatbots: Context-Aware Knowledge Expansion with Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-based chatbots leverage human-verified Q&A knowledge to deliver accurate, verifiable responses. |
| Approach: | They propose a similar question generation task for LLM training and inference to enable comprehensive semantic exploration and enhanced alignment with source question-answer relationships. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods achieve 92% user satisfaction rate in a deployed chatbot system, reflecting an 18% improvement over the baseline. |
Goal-Driven Data Story, Narrations and Explanations (2025.naacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Unlike existing tools, our system addresses the ambiguity of vague, multi-line queries, setting a new benchmark in data storytelling by tackling complexities no existing system comprehensively handles. |
| Approach: | They propose a system that processes and interprets vague, open-ended, and multi-line complex queries, transforming them into coherent, actionable data stories. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system processes and interprets vague, open-ended, and multi-line complex queries, transforming them into coherent, actionable data stories. |
Syn-QG: Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Rules for Question Generation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Question Generation is a simple syntactic transformation but many aspects of semantics influence what questions are good to form. |
| Approach: | They propose a set of syntactic rules which transform declarative sentences into question-answer pairs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system generates a larger number of highly grammatical and relevant questions than existing QG systems. |
Event Extraction as Question Generation and Answering (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on Event Extraction addresses the error propagation issue found in token-based classification approaches. |
| Approach: | They propose a Question Generation (QG) model that generates questions that leverage contextual information instead of fixed templates. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms all previous single-task-based models on the ACE05 English dataset. |
Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Ask (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing Question Generation systems focus on extractive questions and do not control the type of questions. |
| Approach: | They propose a question generation model that generates inferential questions from text . they propose he model can generate questions annotated with story-based reading comprehension skills . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines on a reading comprehension dataset. |
Closed-book Question Generation via Contrastive Learning (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies on open-book QG have achieved promising progress, but generating natural questions under a more practical closed-book setting remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a QG model that stores more information in its parameters through contrastive learning and an answer reconstruction module. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines in automatic evaluation and human evaluation on a public dataset and a new WikiCQA dataset. |
Prompting Large Language Models with Chain-of-Thought for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Generation (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for question generation over knowledge bases rely on annotated data for fine-tuning . emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown impressive generalization ability in few-shot tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a logical form to generate a question in a reasoning problem . they propose to extend the prompting method into a method that can generate questions in logical forms . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines on three public KBQG datasets. |
Improving Unsupervised Question Answering via Summarization-Informed Question Generation (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Question Generation (QG) is the production of meaningful questions given a set of input passages and corresponding answers. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which uses questions generated heuristically from news summaries as a source of training data for a QG system. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms previous unsupervised models on three in-domain datasets and three out-of-domain ones. |
Keeping Notes: Conditional Natural Language Generation with a Scratchpad Encoder (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Qualitative assessments in the form of human judgements (question generation), attention visualization (MT), and sample output (summarization) provide further evidence of the ability of Scratchpad to generate fluent and expressive output. |
| Approach: | They propose to use the encoder as a "scratchpad" memory to keep track of what has been generated and guide future generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed mechanism improves the fluency of seq2seq models on three well-studied natural language generation tasks. |
Multi-hop Question Generation with Graph Convolutional Network (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on text-based QG focus on generating SQuAD-style questions. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-hop question generation model that does context encoding in multiple hops with Graph Convolutional Network and encoder fusion via an Encoder Reasoning Gate. |
| Outcome: | Empirical results show that the proposed model generates fluent questions with high completeness and outperforms baselines on automatic evaluation metrics. |
Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing QG systems perform substantially worse in answering multi-hop questions than single-hop ones. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that progressively increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain. |
KHANQ: A Dataset for Generating Deep Questions in Education (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing QG datasets are not suitable for educational question generation because the questions are not real questions asked by humans during learning. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset for question generation that contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy. |
LFKQG: A Controlled Generation Framework with Local Fine-tuning for Question Generation over Knowledge Bases (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing KBQG models focus on the most relevant part of the answer entity, while neglecting the rest of the subgraph. |
| Approach: | They propose a controlled generation framework for Question Generation over Knowledge Bases that generates questions with out-of-vocabulary (OOV) predicates. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods significantly on three widely-used benchmark datasets SimpleQuestion, PathQuestions, and WebQuestIONS. |
Improving Low-resource Question Answering by Augmenting Question Information (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Andong Chen, Yuan Sun, Xiaobing Zhao, Rosella Galindo Esparza, Kehai Chen, Yang Xiang, Tiejun Zhao, Min Zhang
| Challenge: | Low-resource questions pose a significant challenge within the field of Question-Answering (QA) tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that leverages large models' internal knowledge to enhance the quality of augmented data by Prompt Answer, Question Generation, and Question Filter. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing augmentation strategies on high-resource QA tasks like SQUAD1.1 and TriviaQA. |
QG-SMS: Enhancing Test Item Analysis via Student Modeling and Simulation (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Question Generation (QG) tasks are often evaluated using reference-based metrics such as ROUGE and BLEU. |
| Approach: | They propose a QG evaluation framework that leverages Large Language Model for Student Modeling and Simulation to perform test item analysis. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the QG task and human-simulated student profiles. |